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Under a trust, do those receiving trust assets have to pay the costs of transferring them?

Rights and duties of a trustee in relation to expenses incurred in transferring trust property to a beneficiary A trustee is under a duty to distribute the trust assets to the correct beneficiaries in the execution of the trust, which includes transferring the legal ownership of the trust assets to the beneficiaries. Any failure to […]

When valuing a property investment company’s shares for IHT and CGT purposes, do you take account of (deduct) a corporation tax liability?

This Q&A is relevant to situations in which the shares in the company are unquoted. The starting point for a valuation of unquoted shares is their open market value at the time of the transfer between a hypothetical willing buyer and willing seller. For the purposes of determining the price the shares would be expected […]

Should a letter of wishes, drafted to guide trustees of a discretionary Will trust, be dated on a different day to the Will in order to avoid the letter of wishes becoming a public document or disclosable alongside the Will?

When a Will becomes public A Will only becomes a public document if a grant of probate is required. This is usually dependent on the size of the estate at the time of the testator’s death. In applying for probate, the executors will send the original Will of the deceased to the Probate Registry. Once […]

If an individual who owns 100% of the shares in a company gives shares to the individual’s children but continues to use a property held by the company, would there be a gift with reservation of benefit for inheritance tax purposes?

We have assumed that: The reservation of benefit treatment of a disposition for inheritance tax (IHT) purposes arises, by virtue of section 102(3) of the Finance Act 1986 (FA 1986), where an individual disposes of property by way of gift and either: The individual who currently owns the shares in the company has no right to use […]

Does an executor with power reserved have any liability to the beneficiaries of the deceased’s estate, including for breach of duties? What liability does an executor with power reserved have?

Does an executor with power reserved to them have a liability to pay inheritance tax on an estate or is this the sole responsibility of the proving executor? Where an executor has had power reserved, they should not be performing the actions of an executor in relation to the estate. If they wish to take […]

Are you able to use a Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) to deal with somebody’s Bitcoin?

Individuals can create a memorandum of digital assets with emails, usernames and passwords and store a copy of the memorandum with the Will or Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA). However, even if Attorneys or personal representatives have express power to deal with a digital asset and are aware of usernames and passwords, they should not […]

What rights and duties do executors have in respect of data stored on a computer owned by the deceased?

The executor is likely to have the power to access the deceased’s computer pursuant to their powers and duties as administrator. However, the deceased’s ownership of the computer does not necessarily mean that they also owned all the rights associated with the information stored on it. They might have had only a licence to use […]

Is there a time limit for an estate beneficiary to apply to obtain a full set of estate accounts from the personal representatives?

Section 25 of the Administration of Estates Act 1925 (AEA 1925) provides that the personal representative of a deceased person is under a duty, among other things, to exhibit on oath, when required to do so by the court, a full inventory of the estate and when so required render an account of the administration of […]

Wills, Funeral and Burial Wishes – Can I control what happens to me when I am gone?

Introduction One of the most common conversations with have with our clients relates to funeral and burial wishes. Some have a clear idea of location and specific personal elements that they want those left behind to follow through. Perhaps this is to be buried or interred with a loved one, or for their ashes to […]

When will a gift of cash be treated as a gift with reservation of benefit for inheritance tax purposes?

Background It may come as a surprise to some that the gift of cash is subject to a unique set of taxation rules. Only in recent decades have HMRC introduced the concept of gifts subject to a reservation coming at the same time as the introduction of the seven-year rule for potentially exempt transfers. What […]